这是一个由新型市场驱动的不断发展的成熟型行业&"&"印制电路板及电子组装，那是一个由全球专业人士参与制定、众多企业遵循的日臻完善的行业标准&"&"IPC标准。可以这么说，随着IPC标准对电子制造业的不断渗透，包括设计、印制电路板、电子组装和测试等电子行业产业链的各个环节，越来越得到业界技术人员的认可并引之为宝典。针对IPC手工焊接大赛以及IPC标准，赛后，《SMT China表面组装技术》记者对IPC亚太区总裁柯汉忠博士（Philip Carmichael）进行了专访。

图解：IPC亚太区总裁柯汉忠博士（Philip Carmichael）在会议现场。图片来源：IPC

请简单介绍一下IPC主办此次焊接大赛基本情况，它只是针对SMT行业吗，对整个SMT行业产生什么积极的影响？Please introduction the hand soldering competition. Is it for SMT companies? What is the positive influence to SMT industry?

IPC手工焊接比赛是针对电子制造企业中从事组件制造和返工返修员工们组织的考量技能水平的公益性比赛，旨在激励企业关注员工技能培训，通过规范化的操作方式提高产品制造质量、树立榜样、提高产品一次性通过率，提高产品竞争力。这次是IPC在中国第六次组织比赛了，今年有大约200多家国内电子组装企业参加比赛，今年的年度冠军将于2016年3月份去美国拉斯维加斯参加世界冠军赛，与来自日本、韩国、马来西亚、欧洲、越南、泰国、印度、美国等国家的焊接高手同台展示自己的技能。焊接大赛是针对包括SMT在内的整个电子制造行业，如果我们整个电子制造业有一大批技能娴熟的员工，以低成本生产高质量产品，并保持很高的产品一致性，对于中国企业参与发达国家市场竞争有很大的帮助，中国也就迈入了制造强国的行列。

IPC hand soldering competition is a non-profit event to examine operators’ skill and technics who are doing assemblies manufacturing and rework/repair in electronics manufactures. The purpose is to motivate companies focusing on employee training, enhancing product quality via standardizing operation, setting examples, improving first pass yield, to increase product competence. This is the sixth time to organize IPC HSC and there are almost 200 companies to participate this event. The first winner will participate world championship competition to show skills competing with the best winners from Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Europe, Vietnam, Thailand, India, and America in Las Vegas, US in March 2016. The competition is for electronics industry including SMT. If there are a large crowds of skilled workers to product high quality product at low cost and keep high level consistency, it will be more meaningful for Chinese companies to compete with companies in advanced countries. It will not be a long way to realize powerful manufacturing country.

焊接这项工艺在很多行业中出现，在尖端行业如航 空航天、高铁制造中国的厂商做的很好，然而到了消费电子领域，因为焊接不到位致使产品的可靠性下降，这是什么原因？Soldering process and technology is at a high level in sophisticated field like aerospace, high-speed rail manufacturers. When it comes to consumer electronics, the reliability is not guaranteed for soldering failure, why?

在航空航天、高铁制造等高尖行业中国厂商做的很好，表明中国不缺少技术、不缺管理体系。而消费电子领域质量不尽人意的主要原因，我认为在于长期的代工模式和被动的质量意识，导致企业只是为了完成、交付订单，品牌企业为了树立好的口碑会主动提高质量赢得市场，而代工企业只是为了给OEM企业交付订单，不会对最终用户的需求负责。像航空航天、高铁行业，是自主品牌，质量是企业的立身之本，当然这类产品本身要求的可靠性就很高。所以说，以自主品牌参与国际市场竞争是中国企业提升整体制造水平的源动力。

Chinese manufactures do quite well in aerospace, high-speed rail industries. It means China is not lack of technology, not lack of management system. The reason why consume electronics are not good enough like the prior. I think that are long-term OEM foundry and passive quality awareness. Companies just to produce for delivery OEM orders. Not like brand companies eager to improve quality to win the market by word-of-mouth. OEM foundries do not take responsibility for end users. As for aerospace and high-speed rail companies have own brands, quality is the base of the companies, surely these products are the highest reliability. Therefore, developing own-brand is the driving force for Chinese companies competing in global market.

大赛主要面向IPC会员企业，是否会有漏掉较有实力但遵照IPC标准操作的企业？HSC is for IPC members, does it will block out non-members which have capacity meeting IPC standards.

IPC虽然是会员驱动型组织，同时也肩负着促进、引导行业整体健康、有序发展的使命。参加IPC竞赛的企业有大约三分之二是会员企业，也有相当一部分是非会员企业。我们希望更多的关注产品质量可靠性的企业加入IPC，能够充分享有IPC提供的技术、管理、行业、市场等资源，提高企业的盈利能力。

IPC is a member driven organization with the mission to foster, lead whole industries to grow healthily and orderly. In the HSC participants, about two thirds are members, and one third are non-membership. We hope more companies focus on high quality to participate IPC, to utilize technology, management, industry and market resources to improve profitability continuously.

工业4.0 是迈向 中国制造2025 的第一步，也就是说智能制造是我们今后的目标；工艺上追求精益求精离不开智能化，从这个角度来看，我们是否还有必要宣传人工焊接，本次大赛意义何在？再者对未来环保型的无缝焊接，您有什么更好的建议。Industry 4.0 is the first step for China to realize China manufacturing 2015, that is to say intelligent manufacturing is our goal. Going after process excellence need intelligent. From this point, do you think it is necessary to organize this competition? What is your advance for future environment friendly soldering.

智能制造是规模化大生产的需要，能降低总成本，高效完成重复生产任务。而市场需求的多样化，出现很多小批量、多品种的生产任务；同时，像航天、军工等高端制造，也离不开人工焊接。比赛的评判标准IPC-A-610和IPC J-STD-001，电子制造行业最受欢迎的两份标准，针对的是工序和结果，既对手工焊接有效，又对机器焊接有效。质量主要是人的意识因素起很大的作用，所以选择手工焊接更容易引起人们对质量的重视。环保是以后很长一段时间，企业生产的强制性压力，是趋势。行业应关注环保要求，IPC也有相应的环保标准要求。

Intelligent production is for mass production, it can decrease cost, complete repeating tasks efficiently. But market requirements are diversify, this leads to small batch, multi species tasks. In addition, high-end manufacturing like in aerospace, military field, it still need hand soldering. The criteria for competition are two popular IPC standards in assembly industry: IPC-A-610 IPC J-STD-001. They are used for process and result, it is work for hand soldering, and machine soldering at well. it is people awareness playing an important role in quality. So choosing hand soldering competition is easier to arouse people’s emphasize on quality. Environmental protection will be a mandatory pressure for companies for a long time, it is a trend. Industry should pay attention on environmental protection, IPC has relevant standards for it.

随着中国制造业转型升级，PCB和电子组装业如何适应新的产业形势？With Chinese manufacturing transformation and upgrading, how PCB and assembly to adjust its development with this trend?

电子技术和市场需求瞬息万变，PCB和电子组装业应该密切关注终端客户需求的变化、产品创新，充分利用好先进的技术和行业最佳实践，来满足市场的需求，低成本提升产品质量，保持企业的持续盈利能力。技能熟练的员工、减低不良率引发的浪费、提高产品一致性就是很好的办法。

It is changing quickly for electronic technology and market requirements. For PCB and assembly companies, it is important to keep continuous profitability by focusing on end-users requirement changes, product innovation, and utilizing advanced technology and best-practice to meet market requirement, to improve quality at low-cost. The best ways to realize it are skilled employees, cutting down waste by lower reject ratio, improving product consistency.

IPC手工焊接竞赛已经连续举办了6年，早已成为国际性赛事。总决赛冠军将于2016年3月份去美国参加世界冠军赛。

IPC举办此项公益赛事的目的是鼓励中国会员企业重视员工技能培训、优化工艺制程管理、提高产品质量、提高产品一次性通过率。从国内几个赛区的参赛情况来看，华东、华北、西南等地区的企业参与热情普遍高于华南地区，尽管华南地区电子企业数量多余国内其他地区。原因据我们和客户沟通的经验来看，一方面是华南地区电 子企业民企居多，员工流动率高，企业因而不太重视员工的基础培训；更重要的是企业因追求短期盈利和代工模式，在培养熟练技术工人方面缺少意识，这也许是国内企业与欧美企业在产品可靠性上存在差异的主要原因。目前，电子企业迫于成本压力外迁的情况下，对很多企业来说一方面选对细分市场同时提高产品一次性通过率对持续盈利很重要。特别是华南地区，通讯、汽车电子、医疗电子、工业电子对产品可靠性要求高的企业更是如此。

赛事结束后，我发的媒体通稿很少聚焦在这方面，所以想借这次机会，让业界提高通过一线员工技能培训提高产品一致性提升企业竞争力。获奖的选手对企业内部员工来说也是表率作用，员工普遍性关注技能锤炼的话，对企业是很有意义的事情。

当然，这项比赛的评判是按照IPC的电子组装两份标准 IPC-A-610, IPC J-STD-001（这是全球电子组装行业应用最广泛的两份标准）的要求，所以也达到推广我们IPC标准的目的。参与IPC标准开发的志愿者全球有3000多人，分布在3700多家会员企业中。（SMTC@ACT编辑）

The following for reference.

The purpose of holding this non-profit competition is to foster Chinese members focus on skills training for their employees, process management optimization, product quality enhancement, first pass yield improvement. From all reginal competition participation, we find that the passion for participation in east china, north china, and west china is much stronger than in south china although the quantity of electronics companies is the largest in China. Based on our communication with members, we suppose that the reason is that there are large volume private companies, the employee turnover rate is higher, so companies don’t value fundamental training. More important reason is that companies focus on short-term profit and sub-contracting model and lack the motivation to cultivate skilled workers. That is the main reason for the quality gap for Chinese companies comparing with American-European partnerships. At present, more and more electronics companies transfer to overseas with the cost pressure. For many companies it is the same important to improve FPY as picking niche market to maintain continuous profitability. in south china, it is especially true for telecommunication, automobile electronics, medical electronics and industrial electronics companies which have higher requirements for product reliability.

We hope that industries would pay more attention on front line staff’s training to improve competitiveness via improving product consistency. Winning the competition is an honor for competitor, and it is the model for other staff. It will be more meaningful if it is general for all staff will focus on skill practice.

The judging standards for the competition are two IPC standards: IPC-A-610, IPC J-STD-001. Which are most popular for electronic assembly. They are developed by 3000 volunteers from 3700 members scattering all over the world.

（正式报道，读者可参阅《SMT CHINA表面组装技术》新期刊）